Diabetes Mellitus belongs to a group of endocrine diseases. Pathology is developing in the event of breach of production or effect on insulin tissues - hormones of the soldering machine of pancreas, which contributes to glucose absorption. Sugar can accumulate in blood (hyperglycemia) and in urine (glycosuria).
Long breach of disposal of glucose leads to disorders of all types of metabolism. The pathology of the solution apparatus often continues with various in terms of severity of disorders from other bodies and systems. The disarmament of small vessels, retina, kidney and nervous system are characterized.
Typically, diabetes Melitus has quite pronounced metabolic deviations and easily diagnosed. It is harder to identify disease in the initial and preclinical phase when patients are minimal or absent. This requires the address of the purposeful study. Identification of diseases in the early stages is an important condition for efficient treatment and prevention prevention.
If you need to undergo a comprehensive endocrinopathy exam or ask where to cure Melitus diabetes only by professional doctors. Patient services are experienced endocrinologists and laboratories with modern diagnostic equipment for highly precise research.
Main symptoms of diabetes Melitus
This disease is characterized by numerous complaints and objective characteristics revealed by laboratory diagnostic tests. The first manifestations of diabetes are quite diverse. Separate signs or groups of symptoms that may indicate disease include:
- Specific metabolic disorders - Change of body weight, thirst, increased urination, permanent feeling of hunger;
- General unnecessary complaints - Loss of power, fatigue in smaller loads, drowsiness, muscular weakness;
- Dry skin, itchy in the genital area, around the anus;
- Often repetitive boils, the disputed early healing;
- painful dry mouth, feeling of swelling of oral mucosa;
- Poor tooth condition, inappropriate age;
- Neurit with impaired peripheral sensitivity;
- Change of sexual, reproductive functions - Loss of attraction, infertility, birth of large babies;
- Defeat of vision bodies;
- Complaints from the cardiovascular system.
Often the symptoms do not cause anxiety in the patient, and he does not consider it necessary to advise a doctor. Sometimes all the manifestations of the disease are absent, and hyperglycemia is only with the planned interrogation.
The most famous for the pathology of dissolved apparatus are complaints from the metabolic:
- Polyuria (fast urination). With hypoinzorism, urine insulation often happens in large quantities. His daily quantities exceed 3 liters. The urination date prevails, without pain.
- Polydyphood (thirst). Increased thirst is due to dehydration. The amount of drunk fluid exceeds 3 liters. Often patients are preferred sweetened drinks to shoot thirst.
- A severity change. The reduction of body weight is the result of losing liquid, protein, fats, carbohydrates. Excess weight can precede the disease or contribute to its development.
- Polyphage (increased appetite). The advantage is given to sweet food with rich carbs. In the initial phase of the hunger disease, it is more commonly manifested in the form of painful seizures.
If pathological characters are in the diabetic hospital or diagnostic center for a dedicated exam.
Factors that affect the development of diabetes Melitus
In the mechanisms of diabetes development, two key points are different on the basis of which the disease is divided into kinds:
- Low insulin production of pancreadic intra -sectoral cells.
- Violation of the ability of hormones to act on the body, immunity cells to insulin.
In the case of insufficient insulin products, type 1 diabetes is developed. It is based on the progressive destruction of the island of Langergan (Intra -Engional pancreas). This happens due to autoimmic processes in the body - antibodies to insulin, secretory cell structures and enzymes are produced.
Provocated factors in the development of autoimmune disorders can serve:
- Viral infections;
- Breach of diet during pregnancy, during feeding;
- an unfavorable environmental situation;
- Stress action.
The type 1 diabetes is more often diagnosed with young people. The first manifestations of pathology occur when death within -regional stations reaches more than 80%. The disease continues with a high risk of complications, all types of metabolism sufficiently suffer.
Type 2 diabetes occurs with the immunity of tissue receptors to the activity of insulin. In this case, the hormone is played in normal or slightly reduced quantities. The mechanism of such offenses is associated with the initial inferior insulin structure (hereditary predisposition) or gained changes, as a result of the transmission of the receptor signal to the internal structure of the cell.
Causes the development of a disease type 2 can:
- Irregular food nutrition, overeating;
- Sedentary lifestyle;
- hypertension;
- Alcohol abuse;
- Age-relefined changes;
- obesity;
- Uncontrollable drugs.
Diagnostic diagnostic methods
According to statistics, about 2, 5% of the population worldwide suffers from diabetes. The number of people with a latent exchange rate or predisposed disease is much more. Over time, the identified hyperglycemia allows you to prevent serious complications.
The main method of diagnosing disorders is laboratory tests. The most reliable sign of damaged metabolism is an increase in blood sugar on an empty stomach more than 6, 1 mmol / l and 2 hours after eating - over 11, 1 mmol / l. A glucosotolerant test is used with suspicious results.
People under 45 years old are recommended to examine blood sugar level at least every 3 years. Annual, review review is required for risks:
- obesity;
- Age after 45 years;
- hereditary predisposition;
- Increased glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides.
Patients from a group of risks and with already identified diseases need a more thorough study by laboratory and instrumental methods. Equipment in centers or clinics in the treatment of diabetes are in line with world diagnostic standards.
Modern clinics offer various diabetes treatment programs, aimed at identifying metabolic disorders and complications in the early stages. They include:
- Biochemical blood test (all necessary indicators - glucose, lipid spectrum, protein, transamination, potassium, urea, creatinine, urinaryic acid, calcium);
- Clinical blood test;
- Urine analysis;
- Inspection of an ophthalmologist;
- Duplex scan of the main arteries of head;
- Endocrinologies Consultation.
Of particular importance is the study of the level of glitic hemoglobin in blood for long-term control over glucose (last 2-3 months) and quality of the quality of therapy. The test is included in the Standard Specialized Care and should be performed by all patients with diabetes every 3 months.
The methodology for determining this indicator requires high-quality equipment and interpretation of data. In the center for treating diabetes, modern laboratory equipment allows you to track results with great precision, without the need for again. Patient services are experienced experts, a wide profile of diagnostic opportunities, the latest research and treatment technologies.
Diabetes treatment methods
There are no effective ways to complete the cure. The most common treatment of diabetes is reduced to achieving stable indicators of blood glucose levels, prevention of late complications and normalization of lipid blood spectrum and blood pressure level.
All patients must comply with diets. The restriction of fast carbohydrates is recommended to balance the protein ratio (20%), fat (20%) and carbohydrates (60%). The content of the calorie food must correspond to physical activity. In mild cases, it is possible to achieve compensation for pathology using one diet.
All patients are trained in the selfset. The level of capillary sugar in the blood is determined by a patient using portable glucometers. The long-term monitoring of indicators and efficiency of therapy controls the endocrinologist.
Drug treatment includes taking oral sugar -fat -fat agents and insulin therapy. Indications for replacing therapy with insulin:
- All patients with type 1 diabetes;
- Inefficiency of other types of treatment;
- Signs of decompensation of metabolic disorders;
- Ketoacidosis;
- intolerance on oral sugar - remains for whom it is concerned;
- Remote pancreas.
Criteria for compensation for metabolic disorders:
- The level of glitic hemoglobin is less than 7%.
- Blucose blood on an empty stomach - less than 5, 0-6, 5 mmol / l.
- Glucose in the blood after 2 hours after eating from 8-10 mmol / l.
- Blood glucose before going to bed - less than 7, 5 mmol / l.
- Holesterol Blood - less than 4, 8 mmol / l.
- Triglycerides-Smaller than 1, 7-1, 8 mmol / l.
- Arterial pressure - less than 130/80 mm Hg. Pillar.
An important situation for adequate control over the disease is the choice of an experienced professional. If you need to pass the exam or treatment of diabetes in the hospital, carefully select the clinics that offer quality and professional services.